CE 1 BA A SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL ISSUED BY THE ESCUELA AGRICOLA PANAMERICANA LOUIS O. WILLIAMS, Editor TEGUCIGALPA. HOI'DUI{AS AUGUST 15. 1951 = VOL. 2 ·No. 2 THE ORCHIDACEAE OF MEXICO LOUIS O. WllllAMS (Continuecl) 38. PLEUROTHALLIS CORNICULATA (Sw.) Lindley in Bot. Reg. Mise. p. 83. 1842; Lindley, Folia Orch. Pleurothallis p. 42. 1859. Epidendrum comiculatum Swartz, Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl. Prodr. 123. 1788. Dendrobium comiculatum Swartz Fl. lnd. Occ. 3: 1537. 1799. Pleurothallis alata Richard & Galeotti in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 3: 17. 1845. Pleurothallis nubigena Lindley in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, 1: 326. 1858. Pleurothallis jocolensis Ames, Sched. Orch. 2: 19. 1923; Ames, Sched. Orch. 7: 28, t. 6 . 1924, in part. Range: Mexico ( state not given), Guatf'mala, Honduras, Costa Rica, the West lndies and British Guiana. No Mexican specimens of this species have been sf'en and it is included in tbis flora because the Richard or Galeotti drawing of P. alata seems to belong here. There is no specimen in Richard's herbarium at París. 100 CE IBA VoL. 2 39. PLEUROTHALLIS SEGOVIENSIS Reichenbach filius m Bonplandia 3: 223. 1855. Pleurothallis Wercklei Schlechter m Fedde Repert. 9: 213. 1911. Pleurothallis bifalcis Schlechter in Beiheite Bot. Centralbl. 36, Abt. 2: 395. 1918. Pleurothallis Wagneri Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 17: 141. 1921. Pleurothallis falcatiloba Ames in Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 34: 152. 1921. Pleurothallis amethystina Ames, Sched. Orch. 4: 14. 1923; Ames, Sched. Orch. 7: 25, t. 13. 1924, in part. Range: Mexico (Chiapas), Guatemala, Honduras, Cos­ ta Rica and Panama. New to the flora of Mexico. 40. PLEUROTHALLIS ScHIEDEI Reichenbach filius in Lin­ naea 22: 826. 1849; Lindley, Folia Orch. Plerothallis p. 27. 1859. Pleurothallis ornata Reichenbach filius ex Wittm. in Gart­ enzeit. 1: 106. 1882; F. Oliver in Nature 36: 303. 1887; Hooker filius in Bot. Mag. 106: t. 7094. 1890. Range: Mexico (Vera Cruz (?), Oaxaca and Chiapas). Pleurothallis Schiedei may be distinguished from all other Mexican species of the genus (perhaps from all species) by the peculiar hyaline, clavellate appendages on the margins of the epals. The origin of the type of P. Schiedei is not recorded, ei­ ther in the description or on the specimen, except as Mexico. lt is possible that it may have been collected in the State of Vera Cruz. Plenrothallis ornata was de cribed from horticultura! material. 41. PLEUROTHALLIS PFA n Reichenbach filiu m Flora 69: 555. 1886. Range: Mexico (Chiapa ) , Co La Rica (?) and Panama. Pleurothallis Pfavii is new to the flora of Mexico. The original localiLy for the pec1es i Panama. lf Pleurothallis 1951 WILLIAMS: ÜRCHTDACEAE OF MEXICO 101 platyrachis Rolfe is a synonym, as seems to be the ca e, then the species occurs also in Costa Rica and then appears again m south Mexico. 42. PLE ROTHALLTS MliRICATA Schlechter in Fedde Re- pert. 10: 293. 19 12. Pleurothallis sororia Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 10: 294 . 1912. Pleurothallis diutnrna Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Bei­ hefte 17: 19. 1922; Ames, Sched. Orch. 7: t. 10. 1924, in part. Range: Mexico (state not indicated ), Briti h Honduras. Guatemala~ Honduras, Costa Rica and Panamkl There seems to be no doubt that the names cited abov all represent the same species. 43. PLEUROTHALLIS CRENATA Lindley in Gard. Chron. 207. 1846; Lindley, Folia Orch. Pleurothallis p. 38. 1859. Range: Mexico (state unknown), Costa Rica and Panama. No Mexican material of this specie has been seen. 43a. PLEUROTHALLIS HINTONII L. O. Williams in Bull. Am. Orch. Soc. 9: 69, t. 1940. Range: Mexico (Guerrero). A distinctive species by reason of the terete leaves an d the echinate ovary. 44. PLEUROTHALLIS IMMERSA Linden & Reichenbach fil iu in Bonplandia 3: 224. 1855; Lindley, Folia Orch. Pleurothal­ lis p. 38. 1859; Hooker filius in Bot. Mag. 118: t. 7189. 1891; Kriinzlin in Xenia Orch. 3: 163, t. 294, f. II et t. 297, f. ll-17. 1900. Pleurothallis Krameriana Reichenbach filiu in Hamb. Gartenzeit 21: 294. 1865. Pleurothallis lasiosepala Schlechter in Fedde Repert. ll: 43. 1912. Pleurothallis calerae Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 19 : 184. 1923. 102 CE IBA VoL. 2 Range: Mexico (Vera Cruz, Guerrero, Oaxaca and Chia­ pas), Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Venezuela and (?) Colombia. Pleurothallis immersa is a rather variable species as to the size of the plant, of the flowers and in the color of the flowers. Pleurothallis Krameriana seems to belong here; there is a photograph of the type and ot Reichenbach's analytical draw­ ings in the Ames Herbarium which would indicate this. 45. PLEUROTHALLIS HIRSUTA Ames, Ürch. 2: 270, fig. 1908. Range: Mexico (Mexico, M01·elos, Michoacan and Gue­ rrero), Guatemala and Honduras. The type of Pleurothallis hirsuta is a specimen which was grown in Ames' greenhouse from material ent from Mex­ ico by Pringle. The species is variable as to size. 46. PLEUROTHALLIS RESUPINATA Ames, Orch. 2: 272, fig. 1908. Range: Mexico ( Michoacan). 47_. PLEUROTHALLIS DOLICllOPUS Schlechter in Fedde Re- pert. 10: 394. 1912. Pleurothallis lamprophylla Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 15: 205. 1918. Pleurothallis poasensis Ames, Sched. Orch. 1: 10. 1922; Ames, Sched. Orch. 7: 30, t. 12. 1924, in part. Pleurothallis peregrina Ames, Sched. Orch. 6: 67. 1923; Ames, Sched. Orch. 7: 29, t. 18. 1924, in part. Range: Mexico ( Mexico and Chiapas), Guatemala, Cos­ ta Rica and Panama. Pleurothallis dolichopus is new to the flora of Mexico. The Mexican specimens are all small flowered forms of this extremely variable species. 48. PLEUROTHALLIS PLATYSTYLIS Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 10: 395. 1912. Pleurothallis Bernoullii Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 15: 204. 1918. 1951 WILLIAMS: 0RCHIDACEAE OF MEX!CO 103 Range: Mexico (Vera Cruz), Guatemala and Honduras. Pleurothallis platystylis is new to the flora of Mexico. 49. PLEUROTHALLIS LONGISP!CATA L. O. Williams in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 12: 240. 1946. Range: Mt:>xico (Morelos, Michoacan and Colima) . 50. PLEUROTHALLIS LrEBMANN!ANA Kranzlin in Saertryk. af Vidensk. Medd. Foren. 7l: 170. 1920. Range: Mexico ( Oaxaca and Chía pas). 51. PLEUROTHALLIS GHIESBREGHTIANA Richard & Gale· otti in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 3: 16. 1845. Pleurothallis racemiflora Lindley in Loddiges Bot. Cab. t. 949. 1825, non (Sw.) Lindley 1824. Pleurothallis longissima Lindley, Folia Orch. Pleurothal­ lis p. 31. 1859; Reichenbach filius, Xenia Orch. 2: 114, t. 137, f. 6-9. 1867; Reichenbach filius in Saunders Ref. Bot. 2: t. 141. 1882. Pleurothallis lyroglossa Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 8: 566. 1910. Pleurothallis Niederleinii Schlechter in Beihefte Bot. Centralbl. 36, Abt. 2: 396. 1918. Range: Mexico (Mexico, Guerrero, Michoacan, Nayarit and Oaxaca), British Honduras, Guatemala, Hondur3.s, Cos­ ta Rica, Panama and the West Indies. Pleurothallis Ghiesbreghtiana is a rather variable specie~ as to size of plant, leaves and flowers. If Pleurothallis quad­ rifida (Llave & Lexarza) Lindley could be proved to be this species then that name would take precedence over the later P. Ghiesbreghtiana. 51a. PLEUROTHALLIS GHIESBREGHTIANA Richard & Gale­ otti, var. cleistogama L. O. Williams var. nov. Forma typica speciei clinandrio trilobo, rostello obscuro, floribus cleistogamis atque vulgo minoribus differt. Mf'xico: on trees, "Paso del Toro", region of Jalapa, Vera Cruz, alt. 1000 m., March 26, 1935, Nagel and Juan González 4681 (TYPE in Herb. Escuela Agrícola Panameri­ cana). 104 CE IBA VoL. 2 52. PLEUROTHALLIS PACHYGLOSSA Lindley in Bot. Reg. 26: Mise. p. 68. 1840; Kái.nzlin in Xenia Orch. 3: 106, t. 295, f. 1, 1-5. 1892; Kranzlin, in Xenia Orch. 3: 166, t. 296, f. 3, 7-13. 1900. Pleurothallis conant/wra Reichenbach filius ex Kranzlin in Xenia Orch. 3 : 41, t. 217. f. 1, 1-9. 1881. Pleurothallis formosa Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 10: 291. 1912. Range: Mexico (Vera Cruz and Puebla), Guatemala and Costa Rica. 53. PLEUROTHALLIS TuERCKHEIMII Schlechter in Fedde Repert. lO: 292. 1912. Range: Mexico (Chiapas), Guatemala, Honduras, Cos­ ta Rica and Panama. Pleurothallis Tuerckheimii is new to the flora of Mexico. 54. PLEUROTHALLIS HALBINGERIANA R. E. Schultes in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 9: 30. 1941. Range: Mexico ( Oaxaca) . A very small repent species allied to P. lancila:bris ( Reichb. f.) Schltr. 55. PLEUROTHALLIS LANCILABRIS (Reichb. f.) Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 12: 205. 1913. Stelis lancilabris Reichenbach filius in Beitr. Orch. Centr.­ Am. 94. 1866. Pleurothallis oxyglossa Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 10: 205. 1912. Pleurothallis Schulzeana Schlechter in Beihefte Bot. Cent­ ralbl. 36, Abt. 2: 396. 1918. Platystele lancilabris Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beihefte 19: 102. 1923. Range: Mexico ( Oaxaca), Guatemala and Costa Rica. New to the flora of Mexico. 56. PLEUROTHALLIS XANTHOPHTHALMA (Reichb. f.) L. O. Williams in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 8: 144. 1940. 1951 WILLIAMS: ÜRCHIDACEAE OF MEXICO 105 Restrepia xanthophthalma Reichenbach filius m Hamb. Gartenzeit. 21: 300. 1865. Restrepia Lansbergii "Reichb." ex Hooker in Bot. Mag. 87: t. 5257. 1861. Range: Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca and Chiapas), Gua­ temala, Honduras and Costa Rica. Possibly also South Ame­ nca. The species is new to Mexico. Although the plant and its allies have always been consiered to be a genus distinct from Pleurothallis there seems to be little reason for so con­ sidering them. If the genus Barhosella Schlechter is to he con­ sidered as a synonym of Pleurothallis, as seems to he the case, then Restrepia must also he treated as a synonym of Pleur­ othallis. In fact when one searches for characters to maintain Restrepia as a separate genus their absence hecomes conspic­ uous when the multitudinous forms of Plerothallis are taken into account. The only character that one finds is the clavel­ late condition of the dorsal sPpal and the petals hut this char­ acter is hardly of generic significance. ExcLUDED OR OsscuRE SPECIES OF PLEUROTHALLIS PLEUROTHALLIS AMONEA Richard & Galeotti in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 3: 16. 1845; Lindley in Folia Orch. Pleurothallis p. 23. 1859. Unrecognized, perhaps unrecognizable. Type not at París. PLEUROTHALLIS APTHOSA Lindley in Bot. Reg. 24: Mise. p. 42. 1838; Folia Orch. Pleurothallis p. 18. 1859. Pleurothallis peduncularis Hooker in Journ. Bot. 3: 308. 1843. Possihly not of Mexican origin, no wild specimens have been collected in that country and the country of origin of the cultivated types was duhious. PLEUROTHALLIS DISTICHA Richard & Galeotti in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 3: 16. 1845; Lindley, Folia Orch. Pleurothallis p. 26. 1859 = Lepanthes sp. 106 CE IBA VoL. 2 PLEUROTHALLIS MICROPHYLLA Richard & Galeotti in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 3: 17. 1845; Lindley, Folia Orch. Pleur­ othallis p. 41. 1859. Unrecognized. The type was not located at París, if it is lost the species may possibly never be recognized. PLEUROTHALLIS PICTA Hooker in Bot. Mag. 68: t. 3897. 1842. Although accredited to Mexico the species is possibly Brazilian as Lindley first indicated. Later (Folia Orch. Pleur­ othallis) he indicated it as possibly Mexican. Hooker credited the species to Mexico. PLEUROTHALLIS PUBESCENS Lindley in Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 355. 1836; Folia Orch. Pleurothallis p. 24. 1859. Unrecognized. Lindley (Folia Orch. Pleurothallis) says "my specimens of this plant having disappeared ... " PLEUROTHALLIS QUADRIFIDA (Llave & Lex.) Lindley in Bot. Reg. 28: Mise. p. 70. 1842; Lindley, Folia Orch. Pleur­ othallis p. 31. 1859. Dendrobium quadrifidum Llave & Lexarza Nov. Veg. Descr. 2: Orch. Opuse. 40. 1824. Even though Lindley made the combination to Pleur­ othallis he did not know exactly what the plant was as is in­ dicated in Folia Orchidacea Pleurothallis. He though that it might be the same as P. longissima Lindley (P. Ghiesbreghtia­ na), which is a possibility. Without authentic material or rec­ ords of the species it is not wise to take up the name. PLEUROTHALLIS RETUSA (Llave & Lex.) Lindley in Bot. Reg. 28: Mise. p. 81. 1842; Lindley, Folia Orch. Pleurothallis p. 44. 1859. Dendrobium retusum Llave & Lexarza Nov. Veg. Descr. fase. 2: Orch. Opuse. p. 40. 1842. Unrecognized, perhaps unrecognizable. Type doubtless destroyed. PLEUROTHALLIS SCARIOSA (Llave & Lex.) Lindley in Bot. Reg. 28: Mise. p. 71. 1842; Lindley, Folia Oreh. Pleurothallis p. 37. 1859. 1951 WILLIAMS: 0RCHIDACEAE OF MEXICO 107 Dendrobium scariosum Llave & Lexarza Nov. Veg. Descr. fase. 2: Orch. Opuse. p. 39. 1825. Unrecognized, perhaps unrecognizable. Type doubtless destroyed. PLE ROTHALLIS STRUPIFOLIA Lindley in Bot. Mag. 24: Mise. p. 2. 1838; Lindley, Folia Orch. Pleurothallis p. 24. 1859; Cogniaux in Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pars 4 : 525. 1896. Probably Brazilian. PLEUROTHALLIS TRJCHOPODA Richard & Galeotti in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 3: 17. 1845; Lindley, Folia Orch. Pleurothal­ lis p. 41. 1859. Unrecognized and description inadequate. The type at Paris is an unrecognizable fragment. PLEUROTHALLIS VILLOSA Knowles & Westcott Flor. Cab. 2: 78. 1838. No authentic material or record of this species from Mex­ ico is available. The description does not seem to apply well to any Mexican species. 22. MALAXIS Solander ex Swartz m Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl. Prodr. ll9. 1788; Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1439. 1799; Kongl. Vet. Akad. Hya Handl. 21: 233. 1800, mainly; O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 672. 1891. Terrestrial, rarely epiphytic, herbs with leafy stems and often with the base thickened into a pseudobulb. Sepals free or the laterals cmmate, spreading. Petals smaller than the se­ pals, narrow or often filiform. Lip sessile, erect or spreading, often broad, concave, simple or lobed, often with auricles at the base which more or less surround the column. Column very short. Anther erect; pollinia 4, ceraceous. (Achroanthes Raf­ inesque in Med. Repos. N. Y. 5: 352. 1808; Dienia Lindley Bot. Reg. 10: t. 825. 1824; Microstylis [Nutt.] Lindley Orch. Sel. 17. 1826; Pedilea Lindley Orch. Sel. 27. 1826.). Malaxcis has its greatest development in Asia and Oceanía. Central America with adjacent South America is also quite rich in species. The Mexican members of the genus, while not great in numbers, offer many difficulties in their study. 108 CE IBA VoL. 2 A. Inflorescence a subumbel. B. Lip orbicular to {rarely) ovate. l. M. Parthonii. BB. Lip not orbicular. C. Lip 3-lobed. D. Lip without basal auricles; lobes of the lip l'arge. E. Sinus between the lobes of the lip deep, lateral lobes acute; plant unifoliate. 9. M. ]avesiae. EE. Sinus between the lo bes of the lip shallow; lateral lo bes not acute; plant bifoliate. 5. M. Reichei. DD. Lip with erect basal auricles; lo bes of the lip not very large, sometimes inconspicuous. F. Dorsal sepa! more than 7 mm. long. 7. M. Maxonii. FF. Dorsal sepa! less than 6 mm. long. 6. M. excavata. CC. Lip not 3-lobed or if lobulate at the apex then the lobules very inconspicuous and obtuse. G. Lobules or auricles at the base of the lip uncinate. 8. M. Rosei. GG. Lobules or auricles at the base of the lip, when present, not uncinate. Stems bifoliate. 2. M. fastigiata. Stems unifoliate. " Lip plane, not excavated nor with calluses. 4. M. corymbosa. * * Lip not plan e, excavated at the base and callused. 3. M. aurea. AA. lnflorescence spicate or racemose. H. Apex of the lip retuse or notched. l. Pedicel at least twice as long as the flowers; inflorescence racemose. 17. M. unifolia. II. Pedicels m u eh less than twice as long as the flowers; inflor­ escence spicate. J. Lip with apical half rounded; common species. 16. M. Soulei. JJ. Lip with apical half cuneate; rare species. 18. M. streptopetala. HH. Apex of the lip not retuse nor notched. K. Stems bifoliate. L. Lip hastate or triangular. Z. Pedicels 3-4 or more times longer than the flowers. 2. M. fastigiata. ZZ. Pedicels short, not 3-4 or more times longer than the flowers. 1951 WILLIAMS: ÜRCHIDACEAE OF MEXlCO 109 M. Sepals more than 5 mm. long; lip lepidote; flowers large for the genus. 24. M. lepidota. MM. Sepals much less than 5 mm. long; lip not lepidote; flowers ordinary size for genus. 10. M. ocreata. LL. Lip not hastate nor triangular. N. Lip trulliform, without a transverse ridge toward the apex; rare species. 11. M. Nelsonii. N. Lip ovate-lanceolate, with a transverse ridge toward the apex; common species. 12. M. myurus. KK. Stems unifoliate. O. Lip 3-lobed or at least prominently constricted toward the apex. P . Dorsal sepals o vate; leaf usually not broadly corda te; apical lobe of the lip usually erect; common species. 15. M. carnosa. PP. Dorsal sepal lanceolate; leaf broadly corda te; apical lobe of the lip probably not erect; rare species. 14. M. cordata. OO. Lip not 3-lobed nor prominently constrioted toward the apex. R. Lateral sepals connate nearly to their tips. S. Sepals acute. j . Sepals 4.-7 mm. long; leaves c01·date. 13. M. tenuis. //. Sepals up to 3 mm. long; leaves not cordate. 23. M. Pringlé. SS. Sepals obtuse. 21. M. majanthemifolia. RR. Lateral sepals free nearly to their bases. T. Lip about twice as long as broad. U. Petals strongly arcuate, deflexed. 22. M. stricta. UU. Petals not arcuate. V. Sepals 1.5-3 mm. long. 19. M. Ehrenbergii. VV. Sepals 4-7 mm. long. 13. M. tenuis. TT. Lip nearly as broad as long. W. Sepals 4-7 mm. long. 13. M. tenuis. WW. Sepals less than 4 mm. long. X. Sepals 3-nerved. 20. M. tepicana. llO CE IBA VoL. 2 XX. Sepals 1-nerved. *. Lip not prominently aurícula te; flowers red­ dish. l7a. M. Ehrenbergii var. platyglossa. *". Lip aurícula te; flowers greenish. 21. M. majanthemifolia. l. MALAXIS PARTHONII Morren in Bull. Acad. Roy. Belge 5: 485, t. 1838; Ames & Schweinfurth in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 3: 123. 1935. Microstylis histionantha Link, Klotzsch & Otto, le. Pl. Rar. Hort. Berol. l: ll, t. 5. 1841; Hooker in Bot. Mag. 70: t. 4103. 1844. Microstylis Parthonii Reichenbach filius in Walp. Ann. 6: 206. 1861. Microstylis Brenesii Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 19. 167. 1923. Range: Mexico (Vera Cruz, San Luis Potosí, Guerrero, Colima and Oaxaca), Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil and Peru. Malaxis Parthonii is easily distinguished from the other Mexican species of the genus by the large orbicular lip. 2. MALAXIS FASTIGIATA (Reichb. f.) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 673. 1891; Ames & Schweinfurth in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 3: ll6. 1935. Microstylis fastigiata Reichenbach filius in Linnaea 22: 834. 1849. Microstylis ophioglossoides Nuttall BETA mexicana Lind­ ley Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1290. 1829, in part, except as to en­ larged analysis. Malaxis maianthemifolia Richard & Galeotti in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 3: 18. 1845, not Schlechtendal & Chamisso. Dienia majanthemifolia Reichenbach filius in Linnaea 19: 369. 1847. Microstylis brachyrrhynchos Reichenbach filius in Flora 7l: 152. 1888. Malaxis brachyrrhynchos Ames in Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 35: 84. 1922; as brachyrrhyncha; Ames & Schweinfurth in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 3: ll3. 1935. 1951 WILLIAMS: 0RCHIDACEAE OF MEXICO 111 Microstylis linguella Reichenbach filius in Flora 7l: 153. 1888. M alaxis linguella Ames in Proc. Biol. So c. W ash. 35: 84. 1922. Microstylis longisepala Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. 24: 327. 1888. Malaxis longisepala O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 673. 1891. O phrys ensifolia Pavon ex Ridley in J ourn. Linn. Soc. 24: 326. 1888, in synon. Malaxis Lankesteri Ames, Sched. Orch. 4: 7. 1923. Range : Mexico (Nuevo Leon, Coahuila, Chihuahua, San Luis Potosí, Jalisco, Mexico, Distrito Federal, Morelos, Pue­ bla, Michoacan and Oaxaca) , Guatemala, Honduras and Cos­ ta Rica. Malaxis fastigiata is an extremely variable species and it seems quite impossible to distinguish in satisfactory manner the severa! species which have been proposed. See als8 Malaxis brachystachya Reichenbach filius among Lhe obscure a nd excluded species at the end of the genus. While the inflorescence of the species is usually subum­ bellate it may he racemose as in a few of the specimens ex­ amined. 3. MALAxrs AUREA Ames, Sched. Orch. 5: 3, fig. l. 1923. Microstylis guatemalensis Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 21: 334. 1925. Range: Mexico (Jalisco and Oaxaca), Guatemala, Hon· duras and Costa Rica. 4. MALAXIS CORYMBOSA (S. Wats.) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 673. 1891. Microst')'lis corymbosa S. Watson in Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 195. 1882-1883. Range: Arizona and New Mexico (U.S.A.), Mexico (Ta­ maulipas, Nuevo Leon, Chihuahua, Hidalgo, Puebla, Mexico, Oaxaca and Baja California), Guatemala and Honduras. 5. MALAXIS REICHEI (Schltr.) Ames & Schweinfurth m Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 3: 124. 1935. 114 CE IBA VoL. 2 13. MALAXIS TENUIS (S. Wats.) Ames in Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 35: 85. 1922. Microstylis tenuis S. Watson in Proc. Am. Acad. 24: 152. 1896. Range: Mexico (Chihuahua, Hidalgo and Mexico). 14. MALAXIS CORDATA (Lindley) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 2: 673. 1891. Dienia cordata Lindley in Bot. Reg. 24: Mise. p. 73. 1838. Microstylis cordata Reichenbach filius in Walp. Ann. 6: 207. 1861. Range: Mexico (State unknown). Malaxis cordata is closely allied to M. myurus (Lindl.) O. Kuntze from which it differs chiefly in having a single cor­ date leaf. 15. MALAXIS CARNOSA ( HBK.) C. Schweinfurth in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 10: 32. 1941. Stelis carnosa Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl. 1: 362. 1816. Malaxis calycina (Lindl.) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 673. 1891; Ames & Schweinfurth in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 3: 114. 1935. Dienia calycina Lindley, Gen. & Sp. Orch. PL 23. 1830. Ophrys monophyllos Pavon ex Lindley, Gen. & Sp. Orch. PL 23. 1830, in synon. M icrostylis gracilis Ridley in J ourn. Linn. S oc. 24: 32. 1888. Microstylis calycina Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. 24: 331. 1888. Serapias parasítica Pavon ex Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. 24: 331. 1888, synon. Microstylis monticola Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 3: 17. 1906. M icrostylis microtoides Schlechter in Beihefte Bot. Cent­ ralhl. 36, Abt. 2: 381. 1918. Malaxis monticola Ames in Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 35: 84. 1922. Range: Mexico (V era Cruz, Distrito Federal, Morelos, 1951 WILLIAMS: 0RCHIDACEAE OF MEXlCO 115 Jalisco, Michoacan, Oaxaca and Chiapas), Guatemala, Co - ta Rica and Peru_ Malaxis calycina may be distinguished by the broad sepals and the details of the lip. It is not uncommon in Central Me­ XICO. 1q. MALAXIS SouLEI L. O. Williams in Ann . Mo. Bot. Gard. 21: 343. 1934. Microstylis montana Rothrock in Wheeler Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv. W. 100th Merid. 6: 264. 1878. Malaxis montana O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 673. 1891, non Blume. M(l¡laxis densiflora Richard & Galeotti ex Ridley in J ourn. Linn. Soc. 24: 331. 1888, in synon. Achroanthes montana Greene, Pittonia 2: 183. 1891. M icrosty lis macrostachya " (Llave & Lex.) Lindl." ex Lindley in Bentham Pl. Harlw. 52. 1845, hardly O phris macrostachya La Llave & Lexarza. Malaxis macrostachya "(Llave & Lex.) O. Kuntze" ex Ames & Schweinfurth in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 3: 120. 1935, hardly Malaxis macrostachya (Llave & Lex.) O. Kuntze. Range: New Mexico and Arizona (U.S.A.), Mexico (Low­ er California, Nuevo Leon, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, San Luis Potosí, Vera Cruz, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Distrito Fede­ ral, Mexico, Guerrero and Oaxaca), Guatemala, Costa Rica and Panama. The name Malaxis macrostachya (Llave & Lex.) O. Kuntze is dubious as to application at best. The La Llave and Lex­ arza description is not adequate to determine the species with certainty. Lindley probably never saw the type and his determ­ ination of Hartweg's number 395 (in Bentham, PI. Hartw. 52. 1845) is not infallible. Ames and Schweinfurth ha ve taken up the name, as indi cated above, apparently accepting it on the basis of Lindley's determination of the Hartweg plant, concerning which they say "we have a photograph with floral analysis (apparently made by Finet)." The plant in the phot­ otograph mentioned by Ames & Schweinfurth shows two leaves, a condition not met with in any other specimens in all of the collections at my disposal. The floral analysis mentioned seems, however, to be that of Mala}{xis Soulei L. Wms. but Ames has 116 CE IBA VoL. 2 m a de a copy of the dra wing that Lindley m a de of the Hartweg specimen and it shows a floral condition more like that of Malaxis myurns (Lindl.) O. Kuntze than of M. Soulei. 17. MALAXIS UNIFOLIA Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. 2: 157. 1803; Ames & Schweinfurth in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 3: 125. 1935. Malaxis ophioglossoides Muhlenberg ex Willdenow, Sp. Pl. ed. 4, 4: 90. 1805. Achroanthes ophioglossoides Rafinesque in Med. Repos. N. Y. Hex. 2, 5: 352. 1808. Microstylis ophioglossoides "Nuttall" ex Eaton Man. Bot. No. & Mid. Sta tes, ed. 3: 353. 1822. Microstylis ophioglossoides var. mexicana Lindley in Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1290. 1829, pro parte. Malaxis thaspiformis Richard & Galeotti in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 3: 18. 1845. Microstylis unifolia Britton, Sterns & Poggenberg, Prelim. Cat. Anthoph. & Pteridoph. N. Y. 51. 1881. Microstylis GrisebaJ.chiana Fawcett & Rendle in Journ. Bot. 47: 7. 1909. Malaxis Grisebachiana Fawcett & Rendle Fl. Jam. l. 43, t. 6, figs. 18-23. 1910. Range: Newfoundland to Manitoba (Canada), south to Kentucky, Georgia and Illinois (U.S.A.), Mexico (Baja Ca­ lifornia, Durango, Jalisco, Puebla, Mexico, M01·elos, Michoa­ can, Guerrero and Oaxaca), Guatf'mala, Honduras and the W est Indies. Malaxis unifolia is a widespread and variable species but one which is easily distinguished in the broad sense. 18. MALAXIS STREPTOPETALA (Rob. & Greenm.) Ames m Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 35: 84. 1922. Microstylis streptopetaln Rohinson & Greenman in Proc. Am. Acad. 32: 36. 1896: Greenman in Proc. A m. Acad. 32: 297. 1897. Range: Mexico (Distrito Federal and Oaxaca). A peculiar condition exists in this species. It is known to occur only in two very small areas, one in the Distrito Fe­ deral where a uniformly large flowered form is found. The 1951 WILLIAMS: ÜRCHIDACEAE OF MEXlCO 117 second locality is on Cerro San Felipe in Oaxaca where the typical small flowered form is found. 19. MALAXIS EHRENBERGII (Reichb. i.) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 673. 1891; Ames & Schweinfurth in Bot. Mu . Leafl. Harv. Univ. 3: lJ5. 1935. M icrostylis Ehrenbergii Reichenbach filius in Linnaea 22: 835. 1849; Ridley in J ourn. Liim. S oc. 24: 320. 1888, sub Microstylis porphyrea. Microstylis purpurea S. Watson in Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 195. 1883, non Lindley. Microstylis arachnifera Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. 24: 320. 1888. Microstylis porphyrea Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. 24: 320. 1888. Achroanthes purpurea Greene, Pittonia 2: 184. 1891. Malaxis arachnifera O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 673. 1891. Malaxis porphyrea O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 673. 1891. Microstylis minutiflora Schlechter in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7: 540. 1899. Achroanthes porphyrea Wooton & Standley in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 116. 1913. Malaxis purpurea "0. Kuntze" ex Ames Enum. Orch. U. S. & Ganada 78. 1924; Ames & Schweinfurth in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 3: 116. 1935, non Malaxis pur­ purea (Lindl.) O. Kuntze, 1891. Range: Arizona and New Mexico (U.S.A.) , Mexico (Ta­ maulipas, Coahuila, Chihuahua, Durango, Mexico, Distrito Fe­ deral, Guerrero and Chiapas) and Guatemala. Malaxis Ehrenbergii i a very small flowered but hand­ some spec1es. 19a. MALAXIS EHRENBERGH (Reichb. f.) 0. Kuntze var. PLATYGLOSSA (Rob. & Greenm.) L. O. Williams in Ceiba 1: 187. 1950. Microstylis platyglossa Robinson & Greenman in Proc. Am. Acad. 32: 35. 1895. Malaxis platyglossa Ames in Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 35: 84. 1922. 120 CEIJ3A VoL. 2 Range: Mrxico. The description is inadequate for certain determination. Type apparently not in existence. See discussion under Mal­ axiS Soulei L. O. W.illiams. MALAXIS MONTICOLA Richard & Galeotti m Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 3: 18. 1845. Range: Mexico. Unrecognized. The description is inadequate and the type specimen is not at París and has not heen located elsewhere. MALAXIS UMBELLIFLORA Swartz, Prodr. 119. 1788; Faw­ cett & Rendle Fl. Jam. 1: 42. 1910; Schlechter in Beihefte Bot. Centralb. 36, Abt. 2: 440. 1918. Malaxis umbellulata Swartz in Fl. Ind. Occ. 1444. 1806. Microstylis umbellulata Lindley, Gen. & Sp. Orch. PI. 19. 1830. Microstylis umbelliflora Hitchcock in Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 132. 1893. Reported from Mexico by Fawcett & Rendle and by Schl­ echter but we have seen no specimens from Mexico. It is pos­ sible that a specimen of the closely allied Malaxis fastigiata (Reichb. f.) O. Kuntze has been confused with Malaxis umbel­ liflora. 23. LIPARIS L. C. Richard in Mem. Mus. Par. 4: 43, 52. 1818; Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. 22: 244. 1886. Small or medium sized terrestrial herbs with leafy stems often with the base thickened into a bulb. Sepals free, usually narrow, spreading. Petals similar to the sepals except usually shorter and narrow~r. Lip entire or 3-lobed, affixed to the base of the column or rarely somewhat adnate to it. Column usually elongated, arcuate, footless. Anther terminal, opel,­ culate; incumbent; pollinia 4, ceraceous. ( Sturmia Reichen­ bach filius in Moessler Handb. ed. 2, 2: 1576. 1828; Consp. 69. 1828.) Liparis is dosely allied to Malaxis from which it is dis­ tinguished mainly by the incumbent (not erect) anther and by the long (not short) column. The study of the species is dif­ ficult. 1951 WILLIAMS: ÜRCHIDACE~E OF MEXICO 121 Leaves cordate. Lamina of the lip with lateral projection near the middle. l. L. fantastica. Lamina of the lip without lateral projections near the middle. Leaves not cordate. Lcaves one or rarely two. Leaf one. Leaves two. Leaves three or more. la. L. fantastica var. cordiformis. 3. L. vexillifera. 3a. L. vexillifera var. arnoglossophylla. 2. L. elata. l. LIPARIS FANTASTICA Ames & Schweinfurth m Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 2: 97, t. 1934. Range: Mexico (Chiapas) and Guatemala. la. LIPARIS FANTASTICA var. CORDIFORMTS (C. Schweinf.) L. O. Williams in Ceiba 1: 127. 1950. Liparis cordiformis C. Schweinfurth in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 4: llO. 1937. Range: Mexico (Michoacan) , Guatemala and Hondura . 2. LIPARIS ELATA Lindley Bot. Reg. 14: L. 1175. 1828; Ridley in J ourn. Linn. So c. 22: 259. 1886. Liparis alata Schf'idweiler in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gart­ enzeit. 10: 293. 1842. Range: Florida (U.S.A.), Mexico (Vera Cruz, Guerrero and Chiapas), Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, the West lndies, Venezuela, Brazil and Ecuador. Liparis elata is a widely distributed species although ap­ parently not common in Mexico. Although we have seen no authentic material of Liparis alata Scheidw. the description indicates that it possibly belongs here as a synonym. 3. LIPARIS VEXILLIFERA (Llave & Lex.) Cogniaux m Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pars 4: 289. 1895. 122 CE IBA VoL. 2 Cymbidium vexilliferum Llave & Lexarza, Nov. Veg. Descr. 2: 11. 1825. Malaxis elliptica Richard & Galeotti in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 3: 18. 1845. M alaxis Lindeniania Richard & Galeotti in Ann. Sci. N a t. ser. 3, 3: 18. 1845. Malaxis Galeottiana A. Richard in Atm. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 3: 18. 1845. Liparis Galeottiana Hemsley in Gard. Chron. N. S. ll: 559. 1879. Liparis Lindeniana Hemsley in Gard. Chron. N. S. ll: 559. 1879. Liparis vexillifera (Llave & Lex.) Cogn. var. Galeottiana Ames & Correll in Bot. Mus . Leafl. Harv. Univ. 10: 79. 1942. Range: Mexico {Durango, Sinaloa, Vera Cruz, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, M01·elos, Michoacan, Guerrero and Oaxaca), Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Ric~, the W est ludies, V enezue­ la, Colombia, Bútish Guiana, Bolivia and Argentina. Liparis vexillifera is an extremely variable species but one which it seems difficult to segregate because of the appar­ ent intergrades. If the species as here treated is separated into a species and a variety Liparis Lindeniana sbould be consid­ ered the variety. There seems to be no doubt about the La Llave and Lex­ arza de cription hence it is accepted. 3a. LIPARTS VEXILLIFERA var. ARNOGLOSSOPHYLLA (Reichb. f.) R. E. Scbultes in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 7: 123. 1939. Sturmia arnoglossophylla Reichenbach filius in Bonpl­ andia 4: 217. 1856. Liparis arnoglosso phylla "Rchb. f ." ex Hemsley in God­ man & Salvin, Biol. Centr.-Am. Bot. 3: 212. 1883. Range: Mexico ( Oaxaca) and Guatemala. A bifoliate, large flowered variation of Liparis vexillif­ era (Llave & Lex.) Cogn. 1951 WILLIAMS: ÜRCHTDACEAE OF MEXICO 123 ÜBSCURE OR UNRECOGNIZED SPECIES LIPARIS ANDROCHILUS Schlechter in Beihefte Bol. CentraUJl. 36, Aht. 2: 441. 1918. Androchilus aampestris Liehmann in Bot. Not. 101. 1844, non Liparis campestris Rodríguez. The species is not known to me. 24. HEXISEA Undley in Hooker Journ. Bot. 1: 7. 1834: Reichenbach filius in Walp. Ann. 6: 469. 1862; Bentham and Hooker, Gen. Pl. 3: 524. 1883, as H exisia. Epiphytic herb with simple or branched tems of super· imposed pseudohulbs. Leaves few, subopposite. lnflorescence a terminal, short, few-flowered raceme, peduncle covered with imhricated, coriaceous bracts. Sepals subqual, erect or spread­ ing, free or the laterals adnate to the base of the lip. Petals similar to the sepals. Lip erect or spreading, simple or with obscure lateral lobe , adnate with the column, gihhous toward the base. Column short, joined above the middle with the lip. Clinandrium 3-lobed. Anther incumbent, operculate, 4-locul­ ate; pollinia 4, collateral, not compressed. ( Euothonaea Reich­ enbach filius in Bot. Zeit. lO: 772. 1852.) A small genus occurring mainly in Central America and northern South America. l. HEXISEA BIDENTATA Lindley in Hooker Journ. Bot. l: 8. 1834; Reichenbach filius in Walp. Ann. 6: 470. 1862. Diothonaen imbricata Lindley, Sert. Orch. t. 40, no. ] . 1841. Epidendrum oppositifolium Richard & Galeotti in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 3: 21. 1845. Ezwthonaea imbricata Reichenbach filiu in Bot. Zeit. 10: 772. 1852. Euothonaea oppositifolia Reichenbach filius in Bot. Zeit. 10: 772. 1852. Hexisea imbricata Reichenbach filius in Walp. Ann. 6: 470. 1862. Hexisea oppositifolia Reichenbach filius in Walp. Ann. 6: 4 70. 1862. CEIBA VoL. 2 Range: Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Michoacan and Oaxa­ ca), Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia and British Guiana. Although Hexisea bidentata, H. oppositifolia and H. im­ bricata have always been considered to be distinct species there seems to be no reason for so considering them. Florally there seems to be no difference greater than one might expect with­ in a single species, or a single collection for that matter. Veg­ etatively there are sorne differences to be observed but these do not seem to be of specific importance as they are mainly In SIZe. 25. ALAMANIA Llave & Lexarza Nov. Veg. Descr., Orch. Opuse. 31. 1825; Bentham in Bentham & Hooker, Gen. Pl. 2: 526. 1883. Small repent epiphytic herbs. Pseudobulbous stems short, inconspicuous, 1-3-foliate. lnflorescence terminal (!), from an aphyllous pseudobulb; raceme short, densely flowered. Se­ pals subequal, narrow, spreading or erect. Petals similar to the sepals. Lip adnate to the column, erect; lamina similar to the sepals. Column forming a tube with the claw of the lip from a bout its middle, free above, wingless; anther terminal, oper­ culate, incumbent, cells with longitudinal septae; pollinia 4, broadly ovate, compressed, inappendiculate or joined by a few granules. A monotypic genus which is closely allied to Hexisea Lindl. l. ALAMANIA PUNICEA Llave & Lexarza, Nov. Veg. Descr., Orch. Opuse. 31. 1825. E pidendrum puniceum Reichenbach filius in Walp. Ann. 6: 323. 1862. Range: Mexico (Vera Cruz, Puebla, Mexico, Michoacan and Oaxaca). Adequate material of this rare genus is now at hand. This is the only one of the numerous species of orchids descrihed by Llave and Lexarza of which we know an authentic specimen to exist. In the Delessert Herbarium in Geneva is a specimen collected by Lexarza. This specimen was apparently sent by Lexarza to Alaman who gave it to A. P. De Candolle. 1951 WILLIAMS: 0RCHIDACEAE OF MEXICO 125 26. NAGELIELLA L. O. Williams in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 8: 144. 1940. Epiphytic herbs from a repent rhizome. Pseudobulb up to 6 cm. long, unifoliate, slender. Leaves fleshy, subsessile, oblong-lanceolate to linear. Inflorescence terminal; scape elongated (rarely short) with a terminal few-many-flowered dense raceme. Sepals subequal, erect, cotmivent, the dorsal free, the laterals adnate to the column-foot and forming a short mentum. Petals similar to the sepals but narrower. Lip ventricose or saccate at the base, adnate up to the middle of the column, lamina abruptly recurved, spreading, ovate, en­ tire, with a transverse callus at the base. Column narrowly winged above the junction with the lip, wings forming auricles near the apex of the column; anther operculate, incumbent; pollinia 4, ceraceous, in one series, ovate, equal, laterally compre ed. (Hartwegia Lindley Bot. Reg. 23: sub. t. 1970. 1837, non ees 1831). l. NAGELIELLA PURPUREA (Lindl.) L. 0. Williams in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 8: 144. 1940. Hartwegia purpurea Lindley Bot. Reg. 23: sub. t. 1970. ] 837; Reichenbach filius in Saunders, Ref_ Bot. 2: t. 94. 1869. Hartwegia comosa Lindley ex Pfitzer in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. 2, Abt. 6: 143. 1889, nomen, non Nee · . Range: Mexico (Vera Cruz, Oaxaca and Chiapa ) , Gua- temala and Honduras. Nageliella purpurea has been in cultivatioo occasionally. 27. EPIDENDRUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 1347. 1763; Ames, Hubbard & Schweinfurth, Genus Epidendrum in U. S. & Mid. Am. 6. 1936; non Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 957. 1753. Con­ erved name, type E. nocturnum Jacq. Small to large epiphytic or semi-terrestrial herbs or sub­ shrubs with or without the stems swollen into pseudobulbs. Se­ pals free ( rarely adnate to the column) and subequal, spread­ ing or reflexed or rarely suberect and subconnivent. Pf'tal similar to the sepals, often much narrower, rarely broader. Lip simple to 3-lobed or 3-partite, the divisions somrtimes redivided; claw parallel to the column and free from or adnate